JK 254 
.D8 
1919 
Copy 1 



[ON 



J.Ji. DtJVALL 

SUPE OF TOT COLUMBIA SCHOOL. 

FRSSNO CITY 
(FtnriMrty Principal <rf tfca OraagevUlt Setool) ' 



SBNATdR M* B, JOHNSON mS! 



1919 



HAJ» Wi 

SAN 



NG CO. 

fIA 



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Class _sLSii54 



Book. 



CoRirghtK \^ I'l 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT 
SIMPLIFIED 



A TEXT BOOK ADAPTED TO CLASSES 
IN AMERICANIZATION 

BY 

J. J. DUVALL 

it 
SUPERVISING PRINCIPAL OF THE COLUMBIA SCHOOL, FRESNO CITY 

(Formerly Principal of the Grangeville School) 



EXTENDED AND REVISED BY THE AUTHOR AND 
SENATOR M. B. JOHNSON 



1919 

HARR WAGNER PUBLISHING CO. 

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 



w 



V 




■ 



fy 



COPYRIGHT 1919 

BY 

HARR WAGNER PUBLISHING CO. 



AUG ku 1919 

0C..A529 638 



CONTENTS 

Page 

Preface 7 

Boards of School Trustees 8 

Boards of Supervisors 9- 

County Clerk 10 

District Attorney 10 

Sheriff 11 

County Superintendent of Schools 11 

County Recorder 12 

County Assessor 12 

County Tax Collector 13 

County Treasurer 13 

County Auditor 13 

County Coroner 13 

County Surveyor 14 

Public Administrator 14 

Taxes 14 

County Librarian 15 

County Probation Officer 15 

County Purchasing Agent 16 

County Sealer of Weights and Measures 16 

County Commissioner of Horticulture 17 

County Live Stock Inspector 13 

County Farm Advisor 19 

California Legislature 20 

Process of Law-Making 21 

Governor 22 

Lieutenant Governor 23 

Secretarv of State 23 

State Controller 24 

State Treasurer 24 

Attorney General 25 

Superintendent of Public Instruction 26 

State Board of Education '. 27 

Surveyor General 28 

California Courts 29 

Qualifications of an Elector 30 

Persons Expressly Denied the Right of Suffrage in California 30- 

Initiative, Referendum and Recall 31-32 

Political Subdivisions of State 33-39 

Freeholders Charters for County 33-34 

Counties 33 

City or Town May Incorporate 34 

Procedure in Incorporating Citv or Town 34-35 

City Charters, How Formed and Drafted 35-36 

Commission Form of Government 36 

City and County Form of Government Combined 37 

City and County May Adopt Charter 37 

Commissions 39 

Railroad Commission 39-40 

State Board of Control 40-41 



CONTENTS— Continued. 

Page 

Industrial Accident Commission 42 

State Board of Health 43 

California Highway Commission 44 

Fish and Game Commission 45 

State Board of Equalization 46 

Senate 47 

House of Representatives 47 

Powers Expressly Granted to Congress 48 

Powers Expressly Denied to Congress 49 

Powers Expressly Prohibited to the States 40 

Rights Guaranteed to a Person Charged With a Crime 50 

Admission of a Territory into the Union as a State 51 

Amendments to the U. S. Constitution 51 

President 52 

Vice President 53 

Manner of Electing President and Vice-President 53 

President's Cabinet 54 

Secretary of State 54 

Secretary of the Treasury 55 

Secretary of War 55 

Postmaster General 56 

Attorney General 56 

Secretary of Navy 56 

Secretary of Labor 57 

Secretary of the Interior 57 

Secretary of Agriculture 5S 

Secretary of Commerce 58 

Federal Courts 59 

Americanization 60-61 

List of State and Federal Officials, Revised to Aug. 1, 1919 62 

Test Questions 63-64 

Test Questions on the Constitution of California 65 

Index 66-67 



PREFACE. 

SEVERAL years' experience as a teacher in the public 
schools of California has taught me that any plan of 
school-work on any given subject that tends to lessen the 
labors of the teacher or the pupils, not only becomes popu- 
lar, but stimulates a desire for further investigations in the 
subject thus treated. 

It is not the purpose of this little book to take the place 
of the "State Series Civil Government," but rather to be used 
as a supplement to it. The plan has been to place the sub- 
ject matter in so simple a form that the pupil may be able 
to see at a glance the relations the parts sustain to each 
other, and thus save much hard labor. It may be used as a 
supplement to any text book on Civil Government. The author 
wishes to express his appreciation for the revision by Mrs. 
Eva Chappell in 1916. The author claims originality only in 
arrangement. J. J. D. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



BOARD OF 

SCHOOL 

TRUSTEES 



Number of members ( Three. 
How and when chosen < 



By the people at the general 
State election for School 
Trustees on the last Friday 
in March of each vear. 



Term of office ( Three years. 
Qualifications 



Powers and 
Duties 



Must be a citizen of the 
United States twenty - one 
years of age. 



1. To manage and control the school 
property in their district. 

2. To employ teachers, janitors, and 
other employees of the schools. 

3. To suspend and expel pupils for 
misconduct. 

4. To exclude from schools children 
under six years of age. 

5. To appoint District Librarians. 

6. To exclude from school and school 
libraries all books, publications, or 
papers of a sectarian, partisan, or 
denominational character. 

7. To furnish free textbooks. 

8. To permit children of other dis- 
tricts to attend the schools of their 
district only upon the consent of 
the Trustees of the district in 
which such children reside. 

9. To visit every school in their dis- 
trict at least once in each term, 
and examine carefully into its 
management, condition, and wants. 

LO. To purchase school furniture, in- 
cluding organs and pianos, appara- 
tus, and such supplies as may be 
necessary for the use of the 
schools. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



BOARD OF 
SUPERVISORS 



Number of members 
How and when chosen 
Term of office 
Salary 



( Five years. 

C By the people at the gen- 
•l eral State and Presiden- 
[ tial elections. 

( Three years. 

Varies according to the 
class of the county. 



Qualifications 



Powers 

and 

Duties 



( Must be a voter in his district. 

I. To make laws for the country not in 

conflict with the general laws. 

2. To fill vacancies in all county of- 
fices except the offices of Superior 
Judge and Supervisor. 

3. To appoint members of the County 
Board of Education, and all other 
county officers whose election is 
not otherwise provided for by law. 

4. To superintend the conduct of the 
county officers. 

5. To divide the county into town- 
ships, and into school, road, and 
other districts. 

6. To establish election districts, su- 
pervise elections, and canvass elec- 
tion returns. 

7. To establish and maintain roads, 
bridges and ferries. 

8. To provide for the indigent sick 
and poor. 

9. To levy taxes. 

10. To equalize assessments. 

II. To grant licenses. 

12. To grant franchises. 

13. To bury indigent dead. 

14. To establish a free county library 
at county seat and appoint libra- 
rian. 

15. To provide for the protection of 
trees, vines, cereals, vegetables and 
other plants against weeds, and 
animal and insect pests. 

16. To provide for the protection of 
live stock against disease. 

17. To pass ordinances for the protec- 
tion of fish and game. 

18. To aid state and national authori- 
ties in caring for forests, and in 
preventing forest fires. 



10 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



COUNTY 
CLERK 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To act as clerk of the Board of Su- 
pervisors and of the Superior Court. 

2. To keep all county books, papers, 
and records. 

3. To keep a public record of all suits 
brought in the Superior Court. 

4. To issue certificates, such as mar- 
riage licenses. 

5. Usually to attend to the registration 
of voters. 



' tt a u „ u~,„„ J Bv the people at the general 

How and when chosen 'state election. 



Duties 



DISTRICT 
ATTORNEY 



Term of office ( Four years 
Salary 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 



Qualifications 



Duties 



Must be admitted to practice before 
the Supreme Court of the State. 

1. To attend the sittings of the Supe- 
rior Court and there conduct all 
prosecutions for public offenses. 

2. To institute proceedings before a 
magistrate for the arrest of any 
person charged with, or reasonably 
suspected of, a public offense. 

3. To draw up all indictments, and to 
defend all suits brought against the 
State or against his county. 

4. To conduct all civil suits on behalf 
of the county. 

5. To give legal advice to county offi- 
cers when requested. 

6. To attend all meetings of grand 
jury. 

7. To file with the Auditor, four times 
each year, an account of all money 
received by him in his official ca- 
pacity, and pay the same to the 
Treasurer. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



11 



SHERIFF 



How and when chosen 

Term of office ( Four years. 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Salary 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To preserve the peace. 

2. To arrest any person who has com- 
mitted a public offense. 

3. To have charge of the county jail 
and of the prisoners. 

4. To serve all court papers in both 
civil and criminal cases. 

5. In cases of an emergency may com- 
pel any citizen to assist him in the 
execution of his duties. 



COUNTY 
SUPERIN- 
TENDENT 
OF 
SCHOOLS 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Powers 

and 

Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To superintend the schools of his 
county. 

2. To apportion the school moneys 
among the school districts of the 
county and to authorize expendi- 
ture of money. 

3. To preside at teachers' institutes. 

4. To enforce the course of study. 

5. To issue temporary certificates to 
teachers. 

6. To appoint school trustees when a 
district fails to elect. 

7. To grade the schools of his county. 

8. To appoint members of the County 
Board of Education when Board of 
Supervisors fail to appoint. 

9. To visit each school in his county 
at least once during the year. 

10. To make an annual report to the 
Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion concerning schools of his 
county. 

11. To act as secretary of the County 
Board of Education. 

12. To employ teachers and janitor 
when trustees fail to employ. 

13. To call an election for forming a 
high school district. 



12 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



COUNTY 
RECORDER 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To record deeds and mortgages 
and releases of mortgages. 

2. To record notices of mining loca- 
tions. 

3. To record notices of legal action. 

4. To record assignments and leases. 

5. To record contracts. 

6. To record marriage licenses. 

7. To keep a record of all estrays. 

8. To issue burial permits. 

9. To record official bonds of county 
officers. 

10. To keep a record of all births and 
deaths occurring outside incorpo- 
rated towns and cities of the 
county. 

11. To record wills admitted to pro- 
bate. 

12. To record notices of mechanics 
liens. 



COUNTY 
ASSESSOR 



How and when chosen 

Term of office ( Four years. 



{ 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Salary 



{ 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To appraise the value of all prop- 
erty, both personal and real, for tax 
assessment. 

2. To collect personal property taxes 
from people who own no real estate. 

3. To make annual report to the clerk 
of the Board of Supervisors of the 
names of all men in the county be- 
tween the ages of eighteen and 
forty-five who are not exempt by 
law from military duty. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



13 



COUNTY 

TAX 

COLLECTOR 



. . , f By the people at the general 

How and when chosen^ o t „ fp P w.tion. 



State election. 
Term of office ( Four years. 

Varies according to the class of 



Salary 



COUNTY 
TREASURER 



COUNTY 
AUDITOR 



COUNTY 
CORONER 



the 



county. 



Duties 



1. To receive from the property own- 
ers the tax which has been assessed 
upon their property. 

2. To collect county license fees. 

3. To make financial report, and pay 
all money in his possession to the 
treasurer on the first Monday of 
each month. 

4. To sell to the State all real estate 
on which the tax is not paid. 

How and when chosen { By the geople^at^he genera. 
Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 
Duty 



Varies according to the class of the 

county. 

To receive and pay out moneys on 

account of the county. 



How and when chosen j By the people^atae genera. 

Term of office ( Four years. 

Salary r Varies according to the class of the 

) county. 

Duty j To examine and adjust the fiscal con- 

( cerns of the county. 

How and when chosen I B y the people at .the general 



State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 
Salary 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To hold an inquest over the body of 
any person who has come to a vio- 
lent death, or a death from an un- 
known cause. 

2. To deliver to the county treasurer, 
or to the legal representative of the 
deceased, any money or other prop- 
erty found on the body. 

3. To keep a detailed report of every 
inquest. 



14 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



COUNTY 
SURVEYOR 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



the 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of 
county. 

1. To make such surveys of land as 
may be required of him by order of 
court or of the board of supervisors. 

2. To make maps of various subdi- 
visions of the county, and keep them 
in his office. 

3. To act as county engineer. 

4. To assist the state surveyor-general 
in making such surveys for the 
State as are necessary in the 
county. 



PUBLIC 
ADMINIS- 
TRATOR 



How and when chosen 

Term of office ( Four years. 

Salary 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 



Duty 



To take charge of the estates of de- 
ceased persons, for the settlement of 
which the law has not otherwise 
provided. 



TAXES 



Indirect 



^Repealed in California. 



Direct 



Property 



Capitation 



1. Duties. 

2. Excises. 

3. Licenses. 



1. City. 

2. State. 

3. County. 

4. District. 

1. State Poll Tax.* 

2. County Hospital Tax. 

3. County Road Tax. 

4. Citv Street Tax. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



15 



COUNTY 
LIBRARIAN 



How chosen ( Appointed by the Board of Supervisors. 



Salary 



Qualifications 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
•county. 

Must hold a certificate of qualification 
granted by the State Board of Li- 
brary Examiners. 

1. To have charge of the county free 
library. 

2. To recommend to the Board of Su- 
pervisors the establishment of 
branch libraries. 

3. To determine the number and kind 
of employees; such employees ap- 
pointed by Board of Supervisors 
upon recommendation of County 
Librarian. 

4. On or before the 31st day of July 
in each year, report to the Board of 
Supervisors and to the State Libra- 
rian the condition of the county free 
library for the year ending June 
30th preceding. 

5. To select and purchase books and 
other library material with approval 
of Board of Supervisors. 

The Board of Library Examiners is composed of the State Libra- 
rian and the librarians of San Francisco and Los Angeles. 

Every person wishing to qualify for County Librarian must pass an 
examination given by this board. 

r Appointed by Juvenile Judge on rec- 
How chosen < ommendation of probation commit - 

[ tee. 
Term of office ( Two years. 



COUNTY 
PROBATION j 
OFFICER 



Salary 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. He is special investigator and ad- 
viser to the judges and magistrates. 

2. He has charge of minors before and 
after hearings and trials. 

3. He has charge of minors before 
trials and after trials when minors 
are made wards of the court. 

4. He has charge of adults after they 
have been placed on probation. 

5. He has power to act as attendance 
officer in enforcing the school laws. 

6. He has power to enforce child labor 
laws. 

7. At trials and in hearings he prop- 
erly represents the interests of the 
person charged with the offense. 



16 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



COUNTY 

PURCHASING 

AGENT 



How and when chosen 



Appointed by Board of 
Supervisors. 



Term of office 



Salary 



Duties 



At the pleasure of the Board 
of Supervisors. 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To purchase for the county and the 
offices thereof all stationery, cloth- 
ing, bedding, groceries, provisions, 
drugs, medicines, machinery, imple- 
ments, and all of the personal prop- 
erty, or supplies. 

2. These purchases are made upon 
proper requisition therefor, and 
after same have been approved by 
the Board of Supervisors. 

3. The purchasing agent is empowered 
and authorized to purchase material 
and supplies in the open market 
without calling for bids or entering 
into contracts for the same. 



COUNTY 
SEALER OF 
WEIGHTS 
AND 
MEASURES 



How chosen ( By Board of Supervisors. 
Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

1. To inspect and test weights, and all 
mechanical devices for weighing or 
measurements used or offered for 
sale. 

2. To weigh or measure packages of- 
fered for sale or in the process of 
delivery. 

3. May seize for use as evidence any 
such package or packages found 
that shall contain a less amount 
than that represented. 

4. He shall condemn and seize, and 
may destroy incorrect weights and 
measures and weighing and meas- 
uring instruments, which in his best 
judgment are not susceptible of re- 
pair. 

5. He shall place his seal, showing date 
of testing, under his name, on a ] l 
weights and measures or weighing 
or measuring instruments tested 
and found correct. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



How chosen ( By the Board of Supervisors. 
Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 



COUNTY 
COMMIS- 
SIONER 
OF 

HORTICUL- 
TURE 



~ .,« J Must be recommended by the State 

Qualifications j Board of Horticu i ture . 

1. To enforce State quarantine laws 
relating to insect pests, noxious 
weeds, and plant diseases. 

2. To inspect all imported and ex- 
ported nursery stock. 

3. To inspect orchards, vineyards, and 
gardens. 

4. To divide the county into districts, 
and appoint local inspectors. 

5. To keep a record of all official acts. 

6. To attend the annual meeting of the 
State Association of Horticultural 
Commissioners, and such other 

Duties ^ meetings as the State Commissioner 

of Horticulture shall designate. 

7. Make a monthly report to the 
Board of Supervisors, and a yearly 
report to the State Commissioner of 
Horticulture, on or before the first 
of October of each year, and such 
other information as he may re- 
quire. 

8. To keep a record of the injurious 
and the beneficial insects of the sea- 
son. 

9. To conduct field experiments in de- 
stroying and controlling insects and 
noxious weeds. 



18 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



COUNTY 
LIVESTOCK ^ 
INSPECTOR 



How chosen ( By the Board of Supervisors. 
Term of office ( Two years. 



Salary 



Qualifications 



Powers 

and 

Duties 



Varies according to the class of the 
county. 

Must be a duly qualified veterinary 
surgeon having on file in the of- 
fice of the County Clerk a cer- 
tificate issued to him by the State 
Veterinary Medical Board. 

1. To carry out the laws for the con- 
trol and eradication of contagious 
and infectious diseases of domestic 
animals. 

2. To adopt measures to prevent the 
spread of such diseases to animals 
not infected, and is given authority 
to quarantine infected animals and 
those in contact with them. 

3. To see that the carcass of any do- 
mestic animal which dies from any 
cause, except when slaughtered for 
food, shall be cremated or buried. 

4. To prevent any diseased or infected 
animals from being shipped into or 
through the county, and from place 
to place within the county. 

5. To co-operate with the State Veter- 
inarian of California for the pre- 
vention and control of contagious 
and infectious diseases of domestic 
animals. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



19 



How and 
when chosen 



Qualifications 



COUNTY 

FARM 

ADVISER 



Duties 



When at least one-fifth of the farm- 
ers of a county organize a farm bu- 
reau of definite type paying $1 a 
year membership dues, and when 
the Board of Supervisors appro- 
priate $2,000 per year to pay the ex- 
penses of the Farm Adviser, and 
make plans for three years' work, 
the University of California and 
the United States Department of 
Agriculture jointly appoint the 
Farm Adviser, pay his entire sal- 
ary, and supervise his work. 

Must be trained in an agricultural col- 
lege and have experience in agricul- 
tural work after finishing his col- 
lege training. 

1. To bring the information of the ag- 
ricultural college, experiment sta- 
tions, and the national department 
of agriculture to the farmer who 
needs it. 

2. To give advice on soil treatment, 
fertilization, crop adaptation and 
culture, animal husbandry and its 
allied phases. 

3. To co-operate with the farmers in 
improving the roads, farmers' or- 
ganizations, marketing facilities, 
boys' agricultural clubs, cow test- 
ing, drainage control, etc. 

4. To demonstrate the best agricul- 
tural practices on the farm to inter- 
ested members of the farm bureau. 

5. To make weekly reports to the State 
Leader, by whom he is supervised. 



20 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



Senate 



Assembly 



Number of members ( Forty. 

r By the people at the 
How and when chosen ~l general State and Pres- 

[ idential elections. 
Term of office ( Four years. 

f$l,000 for the regular session and $10 
Salary ~i a day not to exceed 30 days for each 

t special session. 

1. Must be twenty-one years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen and in- 
habitant of the State for three 

Qualifications^ years next preceding his election. 

3. Must have been a resident of the 
district for one year next preceding 

. his election. 

1. To regulate the form of its own pro- 
ceedings. 

2. To judge of the qualifications, elec- 
Powers and J tions, and returns of its own mem- 
Duties bers. 

3. To choose its own officers except the 
presiding officer. 

4. To try persons impeached. 



Number of members ( Eighty 

f By the people at the 
How and when chosen -j general State and Pres- 

[ idential elections. 
Term of office ( Two years. 

C$1,000 for the regular session and $10 
Salary -l a day not to exceed 30 days for each 

[ special session. 

1. Must be twenty-one years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen and in- 
habitant of the State for three years 

Qualifications^ next preceding his election. 

3. Must have been a resident of the 
district one year next preceding his 
election. 

1. To regulate the forms of its own 
proceedings. 

2. To judge of the qualifications, elec- 
tions, and returns of its own mem- 
bers. 

3. To choose its own officers. 

4. To prepare articles of impeachment. 



Powers and 
Duties 



Powers and J 
Duties 



1. To make the laws of the State. 

2. To fix the State tax rate. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



21 



Process 
of Law- 

Making 



1. A bill, a draft of a proposed law, may be introduced 
into either house by one of its members. 

2. It is then referred for consideration to the appro- 
priate committee. If this committee is favorable to 
the bill it is returned to the house in which it 
originated and its passage recommended. 

3. It must then be printed and read three times on 
separate days, but the house may, by a two-thirds 
vote, order the three readings on one and the same 
day. 

4. It may, by a vote of the house, be amended by add- 
ing to, striking out, or altering any of its provisions. 

5. After the third reading, if the bill passes the house 
by a majority vote of all the members elected, it is 
then sent to the other house where it goes through 
a like process. 

6. After having passed both houses by a majority vote 
of all the members elected, the bill is then sent to 
the Governor for his consideration. If he approves 
the bill he signs it and it becomes a law. If he dis- 
approves the bill he returns it to the house in which 
it originated, stating his objections, and it fails to 
become a law, and is said to have been vetoed. 

7. If the bill is reconsidered and passed by a two-thirds 
vote in each house it becomes a law without the 
Governor's signature. 

8. If the Legislature is in session and the Governor 
fails to return the bill within the ten days allowed 
by law, the bill becomes a law without his signature. 

9. If the Legislature adjourns and prevents the return- 
ing of the bill the Governor must sign it within 
thirty working days or it fails to become a law, and 
such failure is said to be a pocket veto. 



22 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



GOVERNOR 



How and when chosen 



Term of office 
Salary 



Qualifications 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Powers and 
Duties 



( Fours years. 

( $10,000 per year. 

1. Must be twenty-five years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen of the 
United States for five years. 

3. Must have been a resident of Cali- 
fornia for five years. 

1. To see that the laws are faithfully 
executed. 

2. To approve or to veto bills. 

3. To convene the Legislature in spe- 
cial session. 

4. To send to the Legislature at each 
session his written message stating 
the condition of the State and ad- 
vising needed legislation. 

5. In case the two houses fail to 
agree on the time of adjournment, 
to adjourn the Legislature to such 
time as he thinks proper, provided 
the time of adjournment is not be- 
yond the time fixed for the meet- 
ing of the next Legislature. 

6. Upon the request of the Governor 
of another State to issue an order 
of extradition for the return of a 
criminal who has fled from justice. 

7. To keep the Great Seal of the 
State. 

8. He is commander-in-chief of the 
militia, the army and navy of the 
State. 

9. To fill all vacancies in office when 
no mode is provided by the Con- 
stitution or by law. 

10. To grant pardons, reprieves, and 
commutations of sentence after 
conviction, in all cases except trea- 
son and impeachment. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



28 



LIEUTENANT 
GOVERNOR 



How and when chosenj^ the s^t^tion. 8 ^ 1 

Term of office ( Four years. 

Salary ( $4,000 per year. 

Qualifications ( Same as the Governor. 

To preside over the deliberations of 
Duty the Senate, in which body he has a 

vote only in case of a tie. 



SECRETARY 
OF STATE 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 
Salary ( $5,000 per year. 



Duties 



1. To keep a record of the official acts 
of the Legislative and executive de- 
partments of the government. 

2. To affix the Great Seal of the State 
to all commissions, pardons, and 
other public instruments to which 
the official signature of the Gov- 
ernor is required. 

3. To record all conveyances to the 
State, and all articles of incorpora- 
tions filed in his office, and all of- 
ficial bonds. 

4. To publish the Acts of the Legisla- 
ture and to distribute them in ac- 
cordance with the law. 

5. To make a detailed report biennial- 
ly to the Governor of all his official 
actions during the preceding two 
years. 



24 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



STATE 
CONTROLLER 



How and when 



chosen | By the P e0 P le at * ne S eneral 






State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 
Salary ( $5,000 per year. 



Duties 



STATE 
TREASURER 



1. To superintendent the fiscal con- 
cerns of the State. 

2. To keep all accounts in which the 
State is interested. 

3. To audit all claims against the 
State. 

4. To issue warrants for all legal dis- 
bursements of money from the 
State treasury. 

5. To give information, when re- 
quested, to the Legislature or to 
either house relating to the fiscal 
affairs of the State or the duties of 
his office. 

6. To make to the Governor a bien- 
nal report of the funds of the State, 
of its revenue, and of the public ex- 
penditures during the preceding 
two years, together with an esti- 
mate Of the same for the ensuing 
two years. 



,^Bythepeople e at t the^e„eral 



Term of office ( Four years. 
Salary ( $5,000 per year. 



1. To keep all moneys belonging to the 
State subject to the warrants of the 
Controller. 

2. To give information, when re- 
quested, to the Legislature or to 



Duties 



either house as to the condition of 
the treasury or the duties of his of- 
fice. 

3. To make a biennial report to the 
Governor showing the amount of 
money in the treasury to the credit 
of the State, together with a sum- 
mary of the receipts and expendi- 
tures during the preceding two 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



25 



ATTORNEY- 
GENERAL 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the general 
State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 
Salary ( $6,000 per year. 



Duties 



the 



1. To represent the people of 
State in the Supreme Court. 

2. To prosecute or defend all cases to 
which the State or any officer 
thereof, in his official capacity, is a 
party. 

3. To prosecute or defend all cases in 
which any county is a party, unless 
the interests of the county, or one 
of its officers, in his official capa- 
city, is adverse to the State. 

4. To exercise supervision over dis- 
trict attorneys. 

5. When required by the public serv- 
ice, or directed by the Governor, to 
go to any county in the State and 
assist the district attorney in the 
discharge of his duties. 

6. To give his opinion in writing to 
the Legislature or to either house, 
to the Governor, Secretary of State, 
Controller, Treasurer, Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction, trustees of 
State institutions, and any district 
attorney, upon any questions of law 
relating to their respective offices. 

7. To make a biennial report to the 
Governor on the affairs of his de- 
partment. 

8. To proceed in court against in- 
solvent insurance companies, and 
building and loan associations. 



26 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



SUPERINTENDENT 
OF PUBLIC 
INSTRUCTION 



How and when chosen 



By the people at the 
general State elec- 
tion. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Duties -< 



( $5,000 per year. 

1. To superintend the schools of the 
State. 

2. To collect inf ormation relating to 
the public schools. 

3. To ascertain the number of school 
children in each district of the 
State. 

4. To ascertain the number of teach- 
ers in the State. 

5. To ascertain the amount yearly 
spent on public schools of the State. 

6. To apportion semi-annually the 
State school moneys among the 
counties. 

7. To make a biennial report to the 
Governor suggesting improvements 
in the management of public schools 

8. To see that the laws relating to the 
schools are enforced; to compile and 
print all such laws in pamphlet 
form, and supply school officers and 
school libraries with one copy each. 



STATE 
BOARD 
OF 
EDUCATION 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 27 

No. of members ( Seven. 

How chosen ( Appointed by Governor. 

Term of office ( Four years. 

t-, .. f The Superintendent of Public Instruc- 

fcxecutive J tion ghaU be Secretary and Execu- 

Officer tive Officer of Board. 



Salary 



Duties and 
Powers 



$15 per day while Board is in session, 
and actual traveling expenses. 

1. To adopt rules and regulations con- 
sistent with the laws of the State 
for the government of the day and 
evening elementary schools; the day 
and evening secondary schools; the 
technical and vocational schools; the 
several normal schools, and all other 
schools receiving State aid, except- 
ing the University of California. 

2. To compile and publish, or cause to 
be compiled or published, text books 
to be used in the grades and classes 
for which they are adapted. To is- 
sue a list of high school text books, 
from which local boards of educa- 
tion must adopt. 

3. To purchase books when necessary 
or proper for use in the elementary 
schools of the State, or lease or se- 
cure plates, maps, engravings or 
copyright matter for manufacturing 
such books, or pay royalties for the 
use of plates in the procuring and 
manufacturing of such uniform text 
books for use in day and evening 
elementary schools. 

4. Contracts for use of books, maps or 
plates, where same are adopted for 
use, shall be for a period of four 
years. 

5. May secure copyrights in name of 
people of State for any book com- 
piled for the State. 

6. Text books as adopted by the State 
Board of Education must be used in 
the classes for which they are pre- 
scribed. 

7. To appoint three Assistant Superin- 
tendents of Public Instruction, one 
of whom shall be Commissioner of 
Elementary Schools, one Commis- 
sioner of Secondary Schools,, and 
one Commissioner of Industrial and 
Vocational Education. 

8. May issue Life Diplomas for four 
grades: 1, High School; 2, Elemen- 
tary School; 3, Kindergarten; 4, 
Special. 



28 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



SURVEYOR 
GENERAL 



{ 



How and when chosen J B ^ the P eo ? le , at * he ^ eneral 



State election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Duties 



( $5,000 per year. 

1. To keep a register which will show 
all important matters relating to 
the public lands of the State. 

2. To survey and mark, when re- 
quired, the boundary lines of coun- 
ties, cities, villages and towns. 

1. The condition of surveys 
required of him by law. 

2. The quantity and condi- 
tion of lands belonging 
to the State. 

3. The quantity of arable 
and grazing land in each 
county. 

4. The number of horses, 
cattle, sheep, swine in 
each county. 

5. The quantity of agricul- 
tural and horticultural 
productions of the State 
during the preceding 
two years, together with 
a discussion of the dis- 
eases affecting the 
same. 

6. Information regarding 
mineral lands and min- 
eral productions in each 
county. 

7. All facts likely to pro- 
mote the development 
of the resources of the 
State. 



3. To make 
a biennial 
report to the ^ 
Governor 
which shall 
show: 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



29 



CALIFORNIA 
COURTS 



Justices 
of the 
Peace 



Superior 



Supreme 



District 
Court of 
Appeals 



Senate 



Number of J Varies according to the 
Justices population. 

How and 
when chosen 



By the people at the 
general State election. 



Term of 
office 

Salary 



Four years. 



Varies according to class 
of county. 



m.,™k^ „f fVaries according to the 
Number of J population an | amount 

Judges [ f business. 

By the people at the 
general State and 
Presidential elections. 



How and 
when chosen 

Term of 
oifice 



Six years. 



Salary 



J Varies according to the 
class of the county. 

Must be admitted to 
practice before the Su- 
preme Court of the 
State. 

Seven. 



Qualifications 

Number of 
Judges 

How and j By the people at the 
when chosen 1 general State election. 



Term of 
office 

Salary 

Qualifications j Sa j* dges S S U P e r i ° r 



Twelve years. 
$8,000 per year. 



Three. 
Three. 



Number of 
Districts 

Number of 
Judges in 
each District 

Term of 5 m , 

office I Twelve years. 

Salary $7,000 per year. 

( As a court of impeachment. 



30 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



QUALIFICATIONS 
OF AN ELECTOR 



r 1. Must be a citizen twenty-one years of age. 

2. If of foreign birth must have been natural- 
ized ninety days prior to the election. 

3. Must have resided in the State one year 
prior to the election. 

4. Must have resided in the county ninety days 
prior to the election. 

5. Must have resided in the precinct thirty days 
prior to the election. 

6. Must be registered in the precinct in which 
he resides. 

7. Must be able to sign his name and read the 
U. S. Constitution in English if he has be- 
come a voter since Mav 16, 1895. 



PERSONS 
EXPRESSLY 
DENIED THE 
RIGHT OF 
SUFFRAGE IN 
CALIFORNIA 



r 1. A native of China. 

2. An idiot. 

3. An insane person. 

4. Any person convicted of an infamous crime. 

5. Any person hereafter convicted of the em- 
bezzlement or misappropriation of public 
money. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



31 



INITIATIVE, 
REFERENDUM 
AND RECALL 



Initiative 



Referendum 



The people of California have the right 
to propose or initiate laws and 
amendments to the Constitution, 
and to have referred to them any 
act passed by the Legislature and 
also to recall every elective public 
officer of the State. 

1. Laws are proposed on the initiative 
of the people by petition. 

2. The petition must be presented to 
the Secretary of State. 

3. Must be signed by qualified electors 
equal in number to eight per cent of 
votes cast for Governor at the last 
preceding general election and is 
presented to the voters on ballot at 
the general election or at a special 
election called by the Governor. 

4. When presented to the Secretary of 
State ten days before commence- 
ment of regular session of Legisla- 
ture, signed by five per cent of qual- 
ified electors the Legislature must 
either pass or reject the same or it 
is presented to the people for their 
action at the next general election. 

1. No act passed by the Legislature 
shall go into effect for ninety days 
after final adjournment of the Leg- 
islature, except acts calling elec- 
tions, or for tax levies, or current 
expense appropriations, or urgency 
measures necessary for the preser- 
vation of the public peace, health or 
safety. 

2. If a petition is presented to the Sec- 
retary of State signed by qualified 
electors equal to five per cent of all 
the votes cast for Governor at the 
last preceding election, the Secre- 
tary of State shall submit the act 
to the people at the next general 
election, or at any special election 
which may be called by the Gov- 
ernor, for their approval or rejec- 
tion. 



32 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



INITIATIVE 
REFERENDUM 
AND RECALL 

(Continued) 



Recall 



1. Every elective public officer of the 
State of California may be removed 
from office at any time by the elec- 
tors entitled to vote for his succes- 
sor. 

2. A petition signed by qualified elec- 
tors equal to from twelve to twenty 
per cent of the votes cast at the 
last preceding election for candi- 
dates for the office from w T hich the 
officer is sought to be removed, 
must be sent to the Secretary of 
State and filed with the clerk or reg- 
istrar of voters in the city or county 
where the petition was circulated. 

3. The petition must contain a general 
statement of the grounds on which 
removal is sought. 

4. The Secretary of State shall sub- 
mit the petition, with his certificate, 
to the Governor, who shall order an 
election to be held in from sixty to 
eighty days. 

5. Notice is given and election held 
the same as in other elections. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



33 



Counties 



1. The State constitution provides for the division of the State into 
smaller political sub-divisions for the purpose of government. 

2. The principal sub-divisions so authorized are the County, City, or 
City and County. 

1. The Legislature shall establish a 
system of County governments 
which shall be uniform throughout 
the State. 

2. These general or uniform laws shall 
provide for the election or appoint- 
ment in each County, of Boards of 
Supervisors, Sheriffs, County Clerks, 
District Attorneys and such other 
County, Township and Municipal 
officers as public convenience re- 
quires, and fix their duties and term 
of office. 

3. The principal governing body of the 
County is the Board of Supervisors, 
whose duties and powers have been 
stated on page 9. 

4. Counties may adopt Freeholders' 
charters for their government, con- 
sistent with the State Constitution. 

1. Any County may frame a charter for 
its use, by causing a board of fifteen 
freeholders, who have been qualified 
electors of the County for at least 
five years, to be elected for the pur- 
pose of preparing such charter. 

2. Election for freeholders may be 
called by ordinance adopted by 
three-fifths of all members of the 
Board of Supervisors, or in pursu- 
ance of a petition signed by fifteen 
percentum of the qualified electors 
of the County. 

3. The Board of Supervisors orders 
the election after adoption of the 
ordinance or filing of the petition. 

4. When elected the Board of Free- 
holders shall within one hundred 
and twenty days prepare and pro- 
pose a charter for the County. 

5. The Board of Supervisors order pro- 
posed charter published in a news- 
paper, and a special election held 
for its ratification or refusal. 

6. If ratified, it is submitted to the 
Legislature for its approval. 

7. After ratification by the people of 
the County and approval by the 
Legislature, it becomes the organic 
law of the County as to the matters 
therein provided. 



Freeholders' 
Charters 
for 
County 



34 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



H 
< 

S3 

o 

g< 

c 

> 

3 

PQ 

< 
H 
O 



Freeholders' 
Charters 

(Continued) 



Municipal 
Corporations 
or Cities 



8. Such charter may provide for 
Boards of Supervisors, Sheriffs, 
County Clerks, Treasurers, Record- 
ers, License Collectors, Tax Collec- 
tors, Public Administrators, Coron- 
ers, Surveyors, District Attorneys, 
Auditors, Assessors and Superin- 
tendents of Schools, and other 
necessary officers, either by elec- 
tion or appointment. 

9. For the powers and duties of such 
officers and their removal and the 
filling of vacancies, subject to the 
general law. 

10. Los Angeles County is a good ex- 
ample of a large important County 
working successfully under the 
Charter System of Government. 



1. The Legislature provides, by general law, for 
incorporation, organization, and classification, 
in proportion to population, of cities and 
towns. 



What 
District 
May Incor- 
porate 
Munici- 
pality 



Any portion of a County containing 
not less than five hundred may be 
incorporated. 



1. A petition shall first be presented 
to the Board of Supervisors of the 
County, signed by at least fifty 
qualified electors of the County re- 
siding within the limits of such 
proposed corporation. 

2. The petition shall particularly de- 
scribe the proposed boundaries of 
such corporation, and state the 
number of inhabitants therein. 



Procedure in 
Incorporating" 
City or Town 



3. The petition must be published for 
two weeks in a newspaper in the 
County and presented at a regular 
meeting of the Board of Supervis- 
ors. 

4. The Board of Supervisors hear the 
petition, determine the number of 
inhabitants within the proposed 
municipality and fix and establish 
the boundaries. 

5. Notice is given by the Board of 
Supervisors as to when the petition 
will be acted upon. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



35 



Municipal 
Corporations 
or Cities 
(Continued) 



Procedure in 
Incorporating' 
City or Town 

(Continued) 



City 

Charters 

How 

Formed 

and 

Drafted 



G. They shall then give notice, pub- 
lished in a newspaper in such dis- 
trict for at least two weeks, or 
posted in four public places there- 
in, of an election to be held in 
such proposed corporation or mu- 
nicipality. 

7. The election is to be conducted ac- 
cording to the general election 
laws of the State. 

8. The first Monday after the elec- 
tion the Board of Supervisors meet 
and canvass the vote, and if a ma- 
jority voted for the incorporation, 
the Board shall, by order, declare 
such territory duly incorporated as 
a municipal incorporation, or City 
or Town of the class to which the 
same belongs. 

9. The class to which the municipal 
corporation shall belong is fixed by 
the general law, based upon the 
number of inhabitants in the in- 
corporated district. 

1. Any city containing more than 
three thousand five hundred in- 
habitants, as shown by last census 
taken under the authority of Con- 
gress of the United States or the 
Legislature of California, may 
form a charter for its government, 
subject to the State constitution. 

2. Such charter may be amended or 
new charter adopted. 

3. Such charter shall be formed by a 
Board of fifteen freeholders who 
have been electors of the city for 
at least five years, chosen by the 
city at any general or special elec- 
tion. 

4. An election for freeholders may be 
called by a two-thirds vote of the 
legislative body of such city, or on 
petition of fifteen percentum of 
the registered electors of such city. 

5. The Board of Freeholders shall, 
within one hundred and twenty 
days after being declared elected, 
prepare and propose a charter for 
the government of such city, unless 
time be extended for not more than 
sixty days by legislative body of 

. city. 



36 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



Municipal 
Corporations 
or Cities 

(Continued) 



H 
< 
H 
m 

fa 
o 

c 



City 

Charters 

How 

Formed 

and 

Drafted 

(Continued] 



Commission 
Form of 
Government 



r 6. The legislative body of the city 
shall cause the proposed charter to 
be published and printed and ad- 
vertise notice that such copies may 
be had upon application. 

7. The charter shall be submitted to 
the electors of said city at a spe- 
cial meeting or general election. 

8. If ratified by a majority of the 
qualified votes voting at such elec- 
tion, it is deemed adopted by them. 

9. When ratified, the charter is sub- 
mitted to the Legislature, which 
by concurrent resolution may ap- 
prove or reject the same. 

10. If the Legislature approves the 
charter, it becomes the organic law 
of such city, subject to the consti- 
tution of the United States and the 
State of California. 

1. A city may adopt a Commission form of gov- 
ernment. 

fl. The Board of Trustees of the City 
may at any time submit to the elec- 
tors at any municipal or any special 
election held for that purpose, an 
ordinance to divide the administra- 
tion of the municipality into five 
departments, and provide for the as- 
signment of one of its members as 
head of each department and to be 
appointed as Commissioner of such 
department. 

2. The ordinance shall define the du- 
ties, powers and responsibilities of 
each Commissioner, and may spe- 
cify the number of hours to be given 
by him to the duties of the office 
each business day. 

3. If Commission form of government 
has been adopted by the electors the 
Board may, by majority vote, sub- 
ject to the provisions of the ordi- 
nance and the general law, assign 
one of its members to the head of 
each department, and by like vote 
change such assignment from time 
to time. 

4. The Commission may receive a 
compensation for such services; the 
amount of same to be fixed by the 
ordinance. 

5. Sacramento, the seat of our State 
Capital, is a good example of a city 
that has adopted the Commission 
form of government. 



Method of 
Adoption 
Commission 
Form of 
Government 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



3T 



City 
and 
County 



May Adopt 
Charter 



1. Most of the County, and City or Town corporations are 
separate, or distinct corporations. 

2. Where they are separate, or different corporations, there 
are generally two entirely different sets of officers or 
officials to transact the public business of the corpora- 
tion. 

3. City and County governments may be consolidated into 
one municipal government, with one set of officers, and 
may be incorporated under the general laws providing 
for corporations for municipal purposes. 

f 1. Such City and County Corporation may 
adopt a charter as the fundamental law of 
its local government. 

2. The procedure for the adoption of such 
charter would be the same as outlined for 
adoption of City charters. 

3. The City and County of San Francisco is 
a good example of such consolidated 
municipal corporation. 

4. Its principal governing body is a Mayor 
and a Board of Supervisors, consisting of 
eighteen members. 

5. The Board of Supervisors is the legisla- 
tive body of the City and County. 

6. They have generally the powers and du- 
ties as given for Boards of Supervisors on 
page 9 of this book, subject to exten- 
tions and limitation as contained in the 
charter, and specifically "to ordain, make 
and enforce within the limits of the City 
and County all necessary local police, san- 
itary and other laws and regulations." 

^ 7. They shall appoint from their members 
a Finance Committee of three members, 
who shall have power to examine the 
transactions and accounts of all officers 
having the collection, custody or disburse- 
ment of public money, and shall have 
free access to any records, books and pa- 
pers in any public office, and examine and 
report on official bonds of all City and 
County officers. 

. The Finance Committee of the Board has 
power to examine the records and books 
of account of all persons, companies or 
corporations that are required to pay a 
portion of their gross receipts into the 
treasury of the City and County. 

. The Board of Supervisors publish a list of 
the things required, and purchase all 
goods, merchandise, drugs, and other 
necessary articles, for hospitals, prisons, 
public institutions and other departments 
from the lowest bidder offering adequate 
security. 



38 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



< 
H 

O 

o 



Budget System as 
Outlined in 
San Francisco 
Charter 



1. By the first Monday in April, each year, 
the heads of departments, offices, boards 
and commissions of the City and County 
must send to the Board of Supervisors a 
detailed estimate, in writing, of the 
amount of expenditure required in their 
respective departments. 

2. By the first Monday in May, the Auditor 
must send to the Supervisors an estimate 
in detail of the probable expenditures of 
the City and County for the next ensuing 
fiscal year, covering interest and sinking 
fund on outstanding funded debts, and all 
the wants of each department of the mu- 
nicipal government. 

3. The Auditor must also give an estimate 
of the amount of income from fines, li- 
censes and other sources of revenue, ex- 
clusive of taxes on property, and the prob- 
able amount required to be raised by tax- 
ation. 

4. The Supervisors shall meet annually be- 
tween the first Monday in May and the 
first Monday in June and by majority 
vote of all the members make a budget in 
detail of the amounts estimated to be re- 
quired to pay the expenses of conducting 
the public business of the City and County 
for the next ensuing fiscal year. 

5. Before finally fixing the budget, the 
Supervisors must fix time when taxpay- 
ers shall be heard in regard thereto. 

6. The Mayor may veto the budget in whole, 
or in part, within ten days, and if so 
vetoed, it requires the votes of fifteen 
Supervisors to overcome it. 

7. After final estimate or budget is made 
and signed by the Mayor and Clerk of the 
Board of Supervisors, the several sums as 
therein stated shall then be appropriated 
for the ensuing year for the purposes and 
departments therein named. 

9. The Supervisors must cause to be raised 
annually, according to law, and collected 
by tax, the amounts so appropriated in the 
budget, less the amounts received from 
fines, licenses and other sources of rev- 
enue. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



31) 



fa 

o 

00 

£~ 

ffl£' 

C 



1. The Board of Supervisors shall divide each County 
into townships as public convenience may require, 
provided that in the establishing of townships no 
incorporated city is to be divided so as to put a 
part in one township and part in another. 

1. The officers of a Township are Justices of 
the Peace, Constable, and such subordi- 
nate officers as are provided by law. 

2. The officers of the Township are elected 
at the general election at which the Gov- 
ernor is elected. 

3. Where County has formed and adopted a 
charter for its government, and the char- 
ter has been approved by the Legislature, 
which provides for the appointment of 
such officers, they may then be appointed 
according to the provisions of such char- 
ter. 



Officers of 
Townships 



O 

KM 

W 



A large part of the public business of the State of California is 
conducted through Commissioners appointed by the Governor 
for that purpose. The following are a few of the most impor- 
tant Commissions: 



Number of members ( Five. 

How and when appointed ( By the Governor 

Term of office ( Six years. 

I <pq r\r\f\ ■^^« 

Salary 



Railroad 
Commission 



Qualifications 



Number 
required 
to act 



Duties 



,000 per year. Fixed by the Legis- 
lature. 

Qualified electors of State and hold- 
ing no employment with, or official 
relation to any person, firm or cor- 
poration which is subject to regula- 
tion by such Railroad Commission. 

The act of a majority of the Commis- 
sion, when in session as a Board, 
shall be deemed to be the act of the 
Commission. 

r l. To regulate all public utilities such 
as commercial railroads, interurban 
railroads, street railroads, canals, 
pipe lines, and motor bus lines 
transporting passengers, goods, oil 
or water for the public within the 
State, and all telephone or telephone 
companies transmitting messages 
for the public within the State, and 
all electric and gas plants and lines 
used for the generation of and 
transmission of electricty or gas 
within the State. 



40 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



Railroad 
Commission- 1 

(Continued) 



i. 



Duties 

(Continued) 



2. To establish rates of charges for 
the transportation of passengers 
and freight by railroads and other 
like transportation companies, and 
other like public utilities. 

3. To authorize the establishing of 
motor bus lines for the hauling of 
passengers and freight to fixed 
points and charges for such service. 

4. To examine books, records and pa- 
pers of all public utilities under 
their control; to hear and determine 
complaints against them; to issue 
subpoenas to require all persons 
necessary to appear or bring papers 
before the Commission, and to ad- 
minister oaths, take testimony and 
punish for contempt in the same 
manner and to the same extent as 
the Superior and all other principal 
courts of the State. 

5. To assume jurisdiction and super- 
vision over such additional public 
utilities, from time to time, as au- 
thorized and directed by the Legis- 
lature. 



State Boards 
of Control 



Number of members ( Three 

x^ .„i„4.«jjBy the Governor and 

How appointed^ ing his pk 



hold office dur- 
easure. 



Salary 



Qualifications 



( $5,000 per annum. 



Powers and 
Duties 



Must give entire time during the 
hours from 9 o'clock a. m. and 5 
o'clock p. m. of each day, excepting 
holidavs, and execute an official 
bond in the sum of $25,000 for the 
faithful discharge of his duties. 

1. Shall be Executive Officers, with 
power to administer oaths. 

2. The Chairman of Board may issue 
subpoenas to compel the attendance 
of witnesses to give testimony be- 
fore the Board or any member of 
same. 

3. The Board, or one of its members, 
shall examine and expert, or cause 
to be examined and experted the 
books of the State prisons, reform- 
atories, State hospitals, and other 
institutions, Commissions, bureaus, 
and officers of the State at least 
once each year. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



41 



State Board 
of Control 

(Continued) 



Powers and 
Duties 

(Continued) 



4. To visit by one or more members, 
every public institution maintained 
in whole or in part by State appro- 
priations, to ascertain their condi- 
tion, wants and requirements, and 
visit public buildings under con- 
struction to see that provisions of 
law relative to their construction 
are complied with. 

5. To make reports of such examin- 
ations in duplicate, filing one with 
the Governor and one in office of 
Board. 

6. Examine and pass upon all claims 
against State for which appropri- 
ations are made or a State fund is 
available, and, if approved, report 
same to Controller. 

7. Report approved claims for which 
money is not available to Legisla- 
ture, with reasons for approval. 

8. Make up and report its recom- 
mendations at least thirty days be- 
fore the meeting of the Legisla- 
ture, for use of Legislature. 

9. Count the money in the State 
treasury every month and file a 
copy of the count in the office of 
the Secretary of State and publish 
the result in a newspaper. 

10. Invest school funds and other 
funds in hands of State, subject to 
investment, in United States, State, 
County, City, School District, or 
other approved bonds, and to sell 
or exchange all property, except 
real estate, belonging to the State, 
when in their judgment it should 
be sold or exchanged. 

11. To supervise financial policies of 
State. 

12. Authorize contracts for supplies 
for State, or purchase of same in 
open market. 

13. Establish and supervise a uniform 
system of accounting in all Stato 
offices, and may require financial 
and statistical reports from such 
offices. 



42 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



'Number of members ( Three. 

How chosen ( Appointed by the Governor. 

Term of office ( Four years. 



Industrial 

Accident 

Commission 



Salary 



Duties and 
Powers 



( $5,000 per year. 

1. Is vested with very full power and 
authority over the supervision of, 
and all hearings or complaints in 
connection with, the Workmen's 
Compensation Insurance and Safety 
Act. 

2. The Workmen's Compensation In- 
surance and Safety Act is intended 
to encourage and enforce the reduc- 
tion of accidents to workmen as well 
as to secure some regular and rea- 
sonable amount of relief to the in- 
jured in cases where accident does 
occur. 

3. It is the duty of the Commission to 
hear all disputes or controversies 
relative to the right to compensa- 
tion, and make an award covering 
the same when application is made 
to them in writing by any party in 
interest. 

"* 4. After hearing they may fix the 
amount of compensation to be paid 
and specify the manner of payment. 

5. Are given full power and authority 
over the State Compensation Insur- 
ance Fund, which is created for the 
purpose of insuring employers 
against liability under this Act, and 
also to help assure protection to 
employees and to fix the rates to be 
charged under this fund for such 
State Compensation Insurance. 

8. They may order the installation of 
safety devices, safeguards and other 
means and methods of protection, 
and fix reasonable standards for the 
installation, use and operation of 
such devices. 

7. To investigate the cause of all in- 
dustrial accidents occurring in the 
State which in their judgment re- 
quires such investigation, and for 
such purpose may enter any place 
of employment. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



43 



State 
Board 
of 
Health 



Number of members ( Seven 

How chosen ( Appointed by the Governor. 



Qualifications 



Duly licensed and practicing physi 
cians of this State. 



Term of office Four years. 

1. To examine the cause of commun- 
icable diseases in man and domes- 
tic animals, occurring or likely to 
occur in this State. 

2. To quarantine or isolate, inspect 
and disinfect persons, animals and 
property of every nature, such as 
houses, cities or locations, where 
and when deemed necessary to pro- 
tect or preserve public health. 

3. To destroy household goods, furn- 
ishings and materials, clothing or 
animals, when any of such things 
are an imminent menace to the pub- 
lic health. 



Duties and 
Powers 



4. Has charge of special investiga- 
tion of sources of mortality and ef- 
fects of localities and employments 
on the public health. 

5. To investigate the preparation and 
sale of drugs and food and their 
adulteration and, as required by law, 
work for the prevention of adulter- 
ation of articles, used for food and 
drink. 

6. To prepare or purchase and dis- 
tribute, at cost, antitoxins, vaccine 
and other approved serums and 
lymphs. 

7. Collect records of all births, mar- 
riages and deaths in the State. 

8. To abate public nuisances and to 
advise local Boards of Health and 
control and regulate their action. 



44 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



California 

Highway 

Commission 



Number of members ( Three. 

Appointed by the Governor as the 
How chosen 4 tnree appointed Members of the De- 
partment of Engineering for the 
State of California. 

Term of office ( At the will of the Governor. 
Salaries ( $3,600. 

'1. To have supervision and direction of 
all State roads and highways now 
existing or built by or placed under 
care of State, and the improve- 
ment, maintenance, repair and pro- 
tection of such roads. 

2. To perf orm all other duties relating 
to State roads and State highways 
which may be imposed upon them 
by State Advisory Board, or De- 
partment of Engineering. 

3. Make such investigations as will put 
at the service of the State the most 
approved methods of highway im- 
provements. 

4. Compile statistics relative to the 
highways of counties and munici- 
palities. 

5. When deemed advisable by said 
Commission to aid county, road or 
boulevard districts or municipal au- 
thorities, upon request of such 
county, road or boulevard district, 
or municipal authorities, in estab- 
lishing grades, or advise them as to 
the construction, improvement and 
maintenance of highways and 
bridges, or to help to prepare plans, 
specifications and estimates for such 
work. 

6. Investigate and determine as to the 
best methods of road construction 
as adapted to the various parts of 
the State and aid in promoting high- 
wav improvement throughout the 
State. 

7. Have power to call upon any State, 
County or Municipal official to fur- 
nish the Commission with any in- 
formation contained in his office, 
which relates to, or is in any way 
necessary to the proper perform- 
ance of the work of the Commis- 



Duties and 
Powers 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



45 



Fish and 

Game 

Commission 



Number of members ( Three. 

How chosen ( Appointed by the Governor 

Term of office ( At the pleasure of the Governor. 

1. To see that the laws for the protec- 
tion and preservation of wild ani- 
mals, wild birds, fishes and other 
aquatic animals and plants are 
strictly enforced. 

2. To employ such assistants as they 
consider necessary to help enforce 
such laws. 

3. To inspect all buildings, receptacles, 
where game or fish may be stored; 
packages containing fish or game, 
offered or held for transportation, 
or boats, markets or stores, where 
necessarv to enforce such laws. 



Powers 
and Duties 



4. To seize or take possession of all 
game or fish which any party has 
killed or may have in his possession 
contrary to the laws of this State, 
and donate the same to some chari- 
table institution, as directed by the 
court having charge of such cases. 

5. To maintain fish hatcheries and 
stock the waters of the State with 
native and foreign fish. 

6. To make rules and regulations for 
the taking and harvesting of kelp, 
and the conservation of kelp and 
aquatic plants. 



46 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



State 

Board 

of 

Equalization 



Number of members ( Five. 

( One elected from each of the four 

Wrtw Tricon ) Equalization Districts, into which 
±iow cnosen < gtate ig dividedj and the state Con . 

( troller. 

Term of office ( Four years. 

Salaries ( $4,000 per year for each elected member. 

'1. To prescribe rules and regulations, not in 
conflict with the constitution and laws of 
the State, to govern Assessors when as- 
sessing property for taxation, and Boards 
of Supervisors when equalizing the as- 
sessment. 

2. To make out, prepare and enforce the use 
of all forms in relation to the assessment 
of property, collection of taxes, and rev- 
enue of the State. 

3. To equalize the valuation of taxable prop- 
erty of the several counties of the State 
for the purpose of taxation. 

4. To visit as a Board, or by its members, or 
through appointed representatives, the 
several counties and cities of the State for 
the purpose of inspecting property and 
learning its value, where they deem it ad- 
visable to do so. 

5. To call county officers before the Board 
or any of its members to produce or give 
evidence useful to the Board in their in- 
vestigations. 

6. To issue subpoenas, where necessary, to 
compel attendance of such officers. 

7. To require some officer or person con- 
nected with each public utility company, 
such as railroad, street railroad, sleeping, 
dining, refrigerator, oil, stock, fruit and 
all other like car companies, all express 
companies, steamship, vessel or stage 
lines, telegraph and telephone companies, 
gas or electric companies, and all like 
public utility companies to make full re- 
port, in form and manner as directed by 
the Board, on their franchises, roadways, 
rails, cars, poles, wires, pipes, canals, 
rights of way, and all other property used 
and operated by them, which companies 
are required to pay taxes to the State for 
its operating expenses, on the gross re- 
ceipts from operation of such companies, 
according to percentages as fixed by the 
Legislature for the different classes of 
business. 



Duties 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



47 



Senate 



House 
of Repre- 
sentatives 



Number of members ( Two for each State. 

f Elected by the people at tho 
How chosen < general State and Presidential 

L elections. 

Term of office ( Six years. 



Salary 



Qualifications 



Power and 
Duties 



,Number of 
members 

How and 
when chosen 



$7,500 per year and mileage. Other 
allowances. 

1. Must be thirty years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen of the 
United States for nine years. 

3. Must be a resident of the State 
at the time of his election. 

1. To regulate the form of its own 
proceedings. 

2. To judge of the qualifications, 
elections, and returns of its own 
members. 

3. To choose its own officers except 
the presiding officer. 

4. To tiy persons impeached. 

5. To ratify appointments made by 
the President. 

6. To ratify treaties made with for- 
eign nations. 

7. To elect a Vice President when 
the electoral college fails to elect. 

Apportioned among the several 
States in proportion to the popu- 
lation. California's proportion 11. 

By the people at the general State 
and Presidential elections. 



Term of office ( Two years. 



Salary 



Qualifications 



Powers and 
Duties 



$7,500 per year and mileage. Other 
allowances. Speaker's salary, 
$12,000. 

1. Must be twenty-five years of age. 

2. Must have been a citizen of the 
United States for seven years. 

3. Must be a resident of the State 
at the time of his election. 

1. To regulate the form of its own 
proceedings. 

2. To judge of the qualifications, 
elections, and returns of its own 
members. 

3. To choose its own officers. 

4. To prepare articles of impeach- 
ment. 

5. To originate revenue bills. 

6. To elect a President when the 
electoral college fails to elect. 



48 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



1. To borrow money on the credit of the Unite I 
States. 

2. To raise and support armies. 

3. To provide and maintain a navy. 

4. To grant copyrights and patents. 

5. To establish post offices and post roads. 

6. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 
Court. 

7. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting 
the securities and current coins of the United 
States. 

8. To make rules for the government and regulation 
of land and naval forces. 

9. To regulate commerce with foreign nations and 
POWERS among the several States, and with Indian tribes. 

EXPRESSLY J io. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and 
GRANTED TO of foreign coins, and fix the standard of weights 

CONGRESS and measures. 

11. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and 
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcy 
throughout the United States. 

12. To define and punish piracies and felonies com- 
mitted on the high seas, and offenses against the 
laws of nations. 

13. To declare war, grant letters of marque and re- 
prisal, and make rules concerning captures on 
land and water. 

14. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and ex- 
cises; to pay the debts and provide for the com- 
mon defense and general welfare of the United 
States. 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to exe- 
cute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, 
and repel invasions. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



49 



POWERS 
EXPRESSLY 
DENIED TO 
CONGRESS 



1. To suspend the writ of habeas corpus unless 
when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public 
safety may require it. 

2. To pass any bill of attainder or ex-post facto law. 

3. To lay any capitation or other direct taxes un- 
less in proportion to the census or enumeration 
hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

4. To lay any tax or duty on articles exported from 
any State. 

5. To give preference to the ports of one State to 
those of another. 

6. To grant titles of nobility. 



POWERS 
EXPRESSLY 
PROHIBITED 
TO THE 
STATES 



1. To coin money. 

2. To emit bills of credit. 

3. To grant titles of nobility. 

4. To grant letters of marque and reprisal. 

5. To enter into any treaty, alliance, or compact. 

6. To keep troops or ships of war in time of peace. 

7. To pass any bill of attainder or ex-post facto law. 

8. To pass any law impairing the obligation of con- 
tracts. 

9. To make anything but silver and gold coins a 
tender in payment of debts. 

10. To lay any duties on imports or exports, or any 
tonnage duty without consent of Congress. 

11. To enter into any agreement with another State 
or with a foreign power. 

12. To engage in war unless actually invaded or in 
such imminent danger as to admit of no delay. 



50 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



RIGHTS GUARANTEED 
TO A PERSON CHARGED 
WITH A CRIME 



1. He shall be entitled to a speedy and 
public trial by an impartial jury of the 
State and district in which the crime 
shall have been committed. 

2. He shall be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation. 

3. He shall be confronted by the wit- 
nesses who testify against him. 

4. He shall not be compelled to be a wit- 
ness against himself. 

5. He may compel the attendance of wit- 
nesses in his favor. 

6. Excessive bail shall not be required nor 
excessive fines imposed. 

7. Cruel and unusual punishments shall 
not be inflicted. 

8. No man shall be twice put in jeopardy 
of his life for the same offense, that 
is if he has been tried before a proper 
tribunal and acquitted, he shall not be 
tried again for the same offense. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



51 



ADMISSION OF 
A TERRITORY 
INTO THE 
UNION AS A 
STATE 



1. The territory sends a memorial to Congress 
praying for permission to form a State 
Constitution and for admission into the Union. 

2. Congress passes an Act called an "Enabling 
Act" authorizing the inhabitants of the terri- 
tory to form a Constitution. 

3. The people of the territory represented in a 
general convention frame a Constitution. 

4. The Constitution is then adopted by a majority 
vote of the people of the territory. 

5. This Constitution is then presented to Congress 
for approval and if Congress sees no objectional 
features in it an act is passed admitting the 
territory into the Union as a State. 



AMENDMENTS 
TO THE U. S. 
CONSTITUTION 



Proposed 



Adopted 



1. By a two-thirds vote of Congress. 

2. On the application of the Legisla- 
tures of two-thirds of the several 
States Congress shall call a general 
convention for framing and propos- 
ing amendments. 

1. By the Legislatures of three-fourths 
of the several States. 

2. By special conventions in three- 
fourths of the several States. 



52 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



PRESIDENT 



How and 
when chosen 



By electors chosen by the people at 
the general Presidential election. 



Term of office ( Four years. 



Salary 



Qualifications 



Powers and 
Duties 



( $75,000 per year. 

1. Must be thirty-five years of age. 
j 2. Must be a native bom citizen. 
3. Must have been a resident within 
the U. S. for fourteen years. 

1. To see that the laws are faithfully 
executed. 

2. He is commander-in-chief of the 
army and the navy of the United 
States and of the State militias 
when they are called into actual 
service of the United States. 

3. With the assent of the Senate 
makes treaties with foreign na- 
tions. 

4. May grant pardons for offenses 
against the United States except 
in cases of impeachment. 

5. With the assent of the Senate ap- 
points and commissions all offi- 
cers of the federal government 
whose appointment is not other- 
wise provided for. 

6. To fill vacancies that occur during 
the recess of the Senate by grant- 
ing commissions which expire at 
the end of the next session. 

7. To veto or approve bills. 

8. May convene one or both houses of 
Congress. 

9. To adjourn Congress to such time 
as he deems proper when both 
nouses fail to agree on the time of 
adjournment. 

10. Must present Congress his annual 
message stating the condition of 
the nation and recommending 
needed legislation. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



53 



VICE- 
PRESIDENT " 



How and 
when chosen 

Term of office 

Salary 

Qualifications 

Duties 



By electors chosen by the people at 
the general Presidential election. 

( Four years. 

( $12,000 per year. 

( Same as those of the President. 

To preside over the deliberations of 
the Senate, in which body he has no 
vote except in case of a tie. 



MANNER OF 
ELECTING 
PRESIDENT 
AND VICE 
PRESIDENT 



1. On the first Tuesday after the first Monday of 
November in the year preceding the expiration 
of the Presidential term, a general election is 
held in the several States for the purpose of choos- 
ing presidential electors. 

2. After their election, the electors meet in the capi- 
tals of their several States, on the second Monday 
in January, and cast their votes for President 
and Vice-President. 

3. These votes are then sent to Washington, and, 
on the second Wednesday in the following Febru- 
ary, are opened and counted in Congress, both 
houses meeting together for that purpose. The 
persons having a majority of all the electoral 
votes cast are declared elected President and Vice- 
President. 

4. If no candidate has a majority of the electoral 
votes, the House of Representatives chooses the 
President and the Senate chooses the Vice-Presi- 
dent. 



54 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



PRESIDENT'S 
CABINET 



1. Secretary of State. 

2. Secretary of the Treasury. 

3. Secretary of War. 

4. Attorney-General. 

5. Postmaster- General. 

6. Secretary of the Navy. 

7. Secretary of the Interior. 

8. Secretary of Agriculture. 

9. Secretary of Commerce. 
10. Secretary of Labor. 



SECRETARY 
OF STATE 



tt i. J Appointed by the President wi.a 

How chosen j ^ gsent of g^^ 

Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 



Salary 



Duties 



( $12,000 per year. 

1. To conduct the correspondence with 
foreign ministers and with our min- 
isters and consuls abroad. 

2. To issue passports to American 
citizens among foreign countries. 

3. To issue warrants for the extradi- 
tion of criminals in accordance with 
treaties with foreign countries. 

4. To have charge of treaties and to 
make new ones. 

5. To keep the archives of the govern- 
ment. 

6. To publish the laws, treaties, presi- 
dential messages and proclamations. 

7. To have charge of the Great Seal 
of the United States. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



55 



SECRETARY 
OF THE 
TREASURY 



How chosen 



J Appointed by the President with 
1 assent of Senate. 



Duties 



SECRETARY 
OF WAR 



Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 
Salary ( $12,000 per year. 

1. To prepare and suggest plans for 
raising revenue. 

2. To superintend the collection of 
revenues coming from the customs 
duties and internal taxes. 

3. To grant warrants for the payment 
of money according to appropria- 
tions by Congress. 

4. To audit the accounts of all the de- 
partments. 

5. To supervise and regulate the na- 
tional banks and the currency of the 
United States. 

6. To superintend the coinage of 
money. 

7. To have charge of the Life-Saving 
Service. 

How chosen ^Appointed by the President with 
v " oc " assent of Senate. 

Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 

Salary ( $12,000 per year. 

1. To have charge of the military 
forces of the United States. 

Duties -{ 2. To superintend the disbursing of 

moneys appropriated by Congress 
for the improvement of harbors and 
navigation. 



56 



CIVIL GOVEENMENT SIMPLIFIED 



POSTMASTER 
GENERAL 



How chosen J Appointed by the President with 
assent of Senate. 

Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 



Salary 



Duties 



( $12,000 per year. 

r l. To have charge of the carrying and 
delivery of all mail matter. 

2. To classify all mail matter and fix 
the rate of postage. 

3. To make postal arrangements with 
foreign countries. 



ATTORNEY 
GENERAL 



How chosen 



(Appointed by the President with 



assent of Senate. 



Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 



Salary 



Duties 



( $12,000 per year. 

1. To have chargeof all lawsuits in 
which the United States is con- 
cerned as a party. 

2. To give legal advice to the Presi- 
dent and other federal officers. 

3. To examine titles to land when, for 
any reason, the government wishes 

. to purchase the land. 



SECRETARY 
OF NAVY 



How chosen {**£*& &J? ^^ ^ 

Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 

Salary ( $12,000 per year. 

( 1. To have charge of the naval forces. 

2. 

cal charts and almanacs. 



Duties 



} 2. To superintend the issuing of nauti- 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



57 



SECRETARY 
OF LABOR 



How chosen {»,*„£ lena^ ^'^ ^ 
Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 



Salary 



Duties 



( $12,000 per year. 

1. To gather and diffuse among the 
people useful information on sub- 
jects connected with labor, the earn- 
ings of laboring men and women, 
and how to advance their interests 
in education, and in a social and 
moral way. 

2. To ascertain the cost of producing 
in foreign countries, the wages paid 
there, the hours of labor, the profits 
on the money invested in business, 
and the cost of living. 

3. To ascertain the cause and to settle 
labor troubles. 



SECRETARY 
OF THE 
INTERIOR 



How chosen 



J Appointed by the 
assent of Senate. 



President with 



Term of office ( 
Salary ( 



Duties 



At the pleasure of the President. 
$12,000 per year. 

1. To have charge of the public lands, 
including mines. (General Land Of- 
fice.) 

2. To regulate the dealings with the 
Indians. (Indian Bureau.) 

3. To superintend the payment of pen- 
sions and the distribution of bounty 
lands. (Pension Office.) 

4. To superintend the issuing of copy- 
rights and patents, and to preserve 
models of all inventions patented. 
(Patent Office.) 

5. To have care and distribution of all 
public documents. (Superintendent 
of Public Documents.) 

6. To collect statistics and facts show- 
ing the condition and progress of 
education, and to publish such in- 
formation as may assist in the im- 
provement of education throughout 
the United States. (Bureau of Edu- 
cation.) 

7. To audit the accounts of certain 
railroad companies to which the 
United States has granted loans and 
subsidies. (Commissioner of Rail- 
roads.) 

8. To superintend the government hos- 
pital for the insane, and the Colum- 
bian asvlum for the deaf and dumb. 



58 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



SECRETARY 
OF 

AGRICUL- 
TURE 



How chosen 



[Appointed by the President with 



assent of Senate. 



Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 
Salary ( $12,000 per year. 

'1. To collect information and make 
scientific investigations as to the 
diseases of plants, and the best 
methods of cultivating the soil, etc. 

2. Has charge of the Weather Bureau. 

3. Has charge of the Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, the duties of which 



Duties 



(a) To inspect and certify the 
grade of meats offered for 
sale. The inspection is usually 
made at the packing houses. 

(b) To inspect all live animals 
shipped to this country. 

(c) To prevent diseased animals 

from being shipped from one 
State to another. 



SECRETARY 

OF 

COMMERCE 



How chosen {^"of leUef PreSident ^ 

Term of office ( At the pleasure of the President. 
Salary ( $12,000 per year. 

Has charge of Light-Houses, Coast 
Survey, Immigration, National Cen- 
sus, Bureau of Foreign Commerce, 
Duties Bureaus of Weights and Measures, 

of Navigation, of Steamboat Inspec- 
tion, the Fish Commission, and the 
Bureaus of Corporations and of 
Manufacture. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



50 



Supreme 



Number of Judges ( Nine. 

{Appointed by President with 
assent of Senate when a 
vacancy occurs. 

Term of office ( For life, or during good behavior. 



J Associate Justices, $14,500 each per 
year. Chief Justice, $15,000 per year. 



District 



Salary 

Number of Judges ( One hundred and five.* 



United States 
Circuit Court 
of Appeals 



Court of 
Claims 



fAppointed by President with 
How and when chosen^ assent of Senate when a 
I vacancy occurs. 

Term of office( For life, or during good behavior. 

^Salary ( $6,000 per year. 

Number of Judges ( Thirty-one. 

The Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the 
Supreme Court assigned to each circuit and the sev- 
eral District Judges within each circuit shall be com- 
petent to sit as Judges of the Circuit Court of 
Appeals within their respective circuits. (No addi- 
tional salary for services in Appellate Court.) 

I Salary ( $7,000 per year. 

Number of Judges ( Five. 

["Appointed by President with 
How and when chosen -I assent of Senate when a 
[ vacancy occurs. 

Term of office ( For life, or during good behavior. 



Salary 



Court of 
Customs 
Appeals 



{Chief Justice, $6,500. 
[Associate Justice, $6,000. 

Number of Judges ( Five. 

How and when chosen 

("Appointed by President with 
How chosen -j assent of Senate when a 

[ vacancy occurs. 

Term of offic€( For life, or during good behavior. 

Salary ( $7,000 per year. 



U. S. 
Senate 



JAs a court of impeachment. 
* January 1, 1919. 



60 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



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'1. The law of the United States allows men and women 
who come from other countries to live here to become 
citizens. 

2. This method of becoming a citizen is called natural- 
ization. 

3. Only citizens, either native-born or naturalized, have 
the right to be employed in any department of the 
State, county, city and county, and city governments 
in the State. 



Four steps must be taken by an alien who wishes to 
become a citizen of the United States. 



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" 1. Must file Declaration of Intention, or "first papers." 

2. File a Certificate of Arrival in this country. 

3. File a petition for naturalization, or "second papers." 
. 4. Appear before the judge for final hearing. 

1. This is the declaration of the party that they intend 
to become a citizen and can be made at any time after 
arrival in this country by an alien eighteen or more 
years of age. 

2. No witnesses are necessary for this declaration or 
"first paper." 

3. The alien does not have to speak English to get this 
paper. 

4. These papers may be taken out at the office of the 
Clerk of the United States District Court and the 

. Superior Courts. 

This certificate must be secured, and may be secured 
free of charge from the Bureau of Naturalization, 
Washington, D. C. 

1. This is the petition or application of the alien asking 
the court to make him a citizen. 

2. This petition, or "second paper," can not be taken out 
until the applicant has been a resident of the United 
States at least five years. 

3. The applicant must have two witnesses, who are 
native-born or naturalized, who must state that they 
have known him for five years, and that he is of good 
moral character and qualified to become a citizen of 
the United States, or if in the State less than five 
years, may have written statement of two like wit- 
nesses who have known him for five years and two 
witnesses who have known him for at least one year 
in the State. 

4. The witnesses must appear before the court and be 
examined. 

5. After the witnesses are examined, the Clerk of the 
Court makes out the petition, which the petitioner or 
applicant must sign. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



61 



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"1. The applicant will be asked questions on the govern- 
ment of the United States, the State of California and 
some on city or county government. 

2. He must show that he understands and is able to 
exercise the duties of citizenship. 

3. Must understand the English language. 

1. At the final hearing applicant must appear with two 
witnesses. He will be examined by or before the 
judge and if accepted will be required to take the 
oath of allegiance. 

This oath is: 

"I hereby declare on oath that I absolutely and 
entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidel- 
ity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sover- 
eignty, and particularly to (name of sovereign of 
country from which he comes), of whom I have here- 
tofore been a subject; that I will support and defend 
the constitution and laws of the United States of 
America against all enemies, foreign and domestic, 
and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the 
same." 

2. The petitioner will then be given his final Certificate 
of Naturalization, and he and his wife, and children 
under twenty-one years of age, will be citizens of the 
United States. 

1. No tax should be levied without the au- 
thority of a great council summoned by the 
king. 

2. All freemen were allowed to go out of the 
country and return to it at pleasure. 

3. A man might dispose of his property by 
will in such manner as he saw fit. 

4. The king's officers were prohibited from 
taking a man's property without his con- 
sent. 



PROVISIONS OF 
MAGNA CHARTA 



5. Courts of justice were to remain in known 
and fixed places. 

6. Courts of justice were open to every one 
without fear or favor. 

7. No one was to be put on trial from mere 
rumor or suspicion, but only upon the evi- 
dence of lawful witnesses. 

8. Excessive fines were forbidden. 

9. No person should be convicted of any crime 
except by a lawful jury of his peers. 

10. Merchants were to be allowed to carry on 
their business without being subject to ar- 
bitrary licenses and tolls imposed by the 
king. 



62 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 



THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND 
THE CABINET^ 

Arranged in the order of succession for the Presidency as declared by- 
Act of Congress. 

PRESIDENT 

WOODROW WILSON 

VICE-PRESIDENT 

THOMAS RILEY MARSHALL 

THE CABINET 

Secretary of State Robert Lansing 

Secretary of Treasury Carter Glass 

Secretary of War Newton Diehl Baker 

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer 

Postmaster General Albert Sidney Burleson 

Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels 

Secretary of Interior Franklin Knight Lane 

Secretary of Agriculture Daniel Franklin Houston 

Secretary of Commerce William C. Redfield 

Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson 

UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM CALIFORNIA 

James D. Phelan Hiram W. Johnson 



THE GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA AND PRINCIPAL 
STATE OFFICERS 

GOVERNOR 

WILLIAM D. STEPHENS 

LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR 

C. C. YOUNG 

STATE OFFICERS 

Secretary of State Frank C. Jordan 

Controller John S. Chambers 

Treasurer Friend William Richardson 

Attorney General U. S. Webb 

Surveyor General W. S. Kingsbury 

Superintendent of State Printing Robert L. Telfer 

Superintendent of Public Instruction Will C. Wood 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 63 

TEST QUESTIONS 

1. How are standing committees in either house of the State Leg- 
islature chosen? In the House of Representatives? In the U. S. 
Senate ? 

2. In what way does the organization of the House of Represen- 
tatives differ from that of the Senate? The Assembly from the 
Senate? 

3. How are vacancies in either house of the State Legislature 
filled ? In the House of Representatives ? In the U. S. Senate ? 

4. What special privileges do members of the Legislature enjoy? 
Members of Congress? 

5. What is meant by quorum? What number is required to make 
a quorum in the State Legislature ? In Congress ? 

6. When does the Legislature meet? How long may it remain in 
session? 

7. What is the penalty for impeachment ? 

8. When and how was the U. S. Constitution framed ? When and 
how adopted? 

9. What is the supreme law of the land? 

10. What principle of government does the U. S. Senate represent? 
The House of Representatives? 

11. What length of time constitutes a Congress? 

12. Who may vote for a member of the House of Representatives ? 

13. Name and explain the use of the two most important standing 
committees in the House of Representatives. 

14. How may the committee on appropriations practically control 
the House? 

15. What is meant by the "long" session of Congress ? The "short" 
session of Congress? "Special" session of Congress? 

16. Where must all revenue bills originate? 

17. Explain how the government usually borrows money. 

18. Locate the U. S. Mints. 

19. Explain the difference between the form of government of a 
territory and that of a state. 

20. State the purpose of the civil service system and explain its 
workings. 

21. State two ways of acquiring citizenship in the United States. 

22. A man born of French citizens permanently residing in the 
U. S., is a citizen of what country? 



64 CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 

23. Explain what is meant by each of the following: 

1. Letters of Marque and Reprisal. 8. Coining Money. 

2. Legal Tender. 10. Free Coinage. 

3. Copyright. 11. Piracy. 

4. Patent. 12. Treason. 

5. Expatriation. 13. Suffrage. 

6. Unconstitutional Legislation. 14. Habeas Corpus. 
7. Bill of Attainder. 15. Eminent Domain. 

8. Ex-Post Facto Law. 16. Journal. 

24. What is the highest privilege of citizenship? 

25. Which confers the right of suffrage, the State -or the Nation ? 

26. Explain the difference between a plurality and a majority? 

27. Who pays the taxes in California? 

28. Name the chief personal rights guaranteed by the U. S. Con- 
stitution. 

29. Explain the process of naturalization. 

30. What is meant by government? 

31. What powers are reserved to the states? 

32. What constitutes the State Board of Equalization? 

33. By whom or what body was the Constitution of California 
framed? By whom or what body was it adopted? 

34. What is the only limitation now existing upon the power of 
amendment to the U. S. Constitution? 

35. What restrictions are laid upon either house of Congress re- 
specting adjournment ? 

36. Name one condition which the Constitution of California de- 
clares shall not be imposed as a qualification for voting? 

37. By whom or what body is the State tax rate determined? 

38. How is the number of presidential electors determined? 

39. Cite an instance in which the Government exercises the right 
of eminent domain through a corporation. 

40. When and where does the Supreme Court of the U. S. meet? 

41. Name two cases in which the Supreme Court of the U. S. has 
original jurisdiction. 

42. Name two cases in which the Supreme Court of the U. S. has 
appellate jurisdiction. 

43. What persons are subject to service in the State militia? 

44. What is meant by delinquent taxes? 

45. What is the difference between a standing and a special com- 
mittee ? 

46. How is the number of Representatives in Congress from each 
State determined? 

47. Name three powers essential to an independent self-existence 
of the government. 

48. What is the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act? 

49. In what way does a bankrupt law benefit a creditor ? A debtor ? 

50. Name one place in the United States in which the citizens have 
no vote. 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 65 

TEST QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF CALIFORNIA 

1. When may the writ of habeas corpus be suspended? 

2. When is involuntary servitude allowed in California? 

3. When may a search warrant be issued? 

4. Name five classes of persons expressly denied the right of suf- 
frage in California. 

5. When must the yeas and nays be entered on the journal? 

6. Name five cases in which local and special legislation is pro- 
hibited. 

7. How is the Governor chosen in case of a tie vote? 

8. What is the purpose of the Governor's message? 

9. What limitation is placed on the Governor's power of pardon? 

10. When may the salary of a superior judge be withheld? 

11. From what sources is the State school fund derived? 

12. What limitation is placed on the use of the State school money ? 

13. Who constitute the State board of prison directors? 

14. What restrictions are placed on the creation of a new county? 

15. What is meant by common carriers? 

16. What is the duty of the railroad commissioners ? 

17. What limitation is placed on the creation of State debts ? 

18. How is the State Constitution amended? 

19. What restriction is placed on corporations in the employment 
of labor? 

20. What restriction is placed on the employment of laborers on 
public work? 

21. How may the capital of the State be changed? 

22. What is the penalty for dueling in California? 

23. What constitutes a legal day's work on all public work? 



QQ CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 

INDEX 

Page 

Accident Commission, Iudustrial 42 

Admission of a Territory into Union as a State _ 51 

Agriculture, Secretary of 58 

Americanization 60-61 

Amendemnts to U. S. Constitution _... 51 

Attorney, District _ 10 

Attorney General 25, 55 

Board of Control, State 40 

Board of Equalization, State „ _ 46 

Boards of School Trustees .., 9 

Boards of Supervisors 9 

Budget System in City and County 38 

Cabinet, President's _ 54 

California Courts 29 

California Legislature _ _ 20 

City Charters _ 35-36 

City and County Form of Government Combined 37 

City and County May Adopt Charter 37 

City or Town May Incorporate 34 

Commerce, Secretary of 58 

Commissions 39 

Commission Form of Government _ 36 

Commission, Railroad 39-40 

Congress, Powers Expressly Granted to _ 48 

Congress, Powers Expressly Denied to 48 

Control, State Board of _ 40-41 

Counties 33 

County Assessor - 12 

County Auditor 13 

County Clerk 10 

County Commission of Horticulture 17 

County Coroner - 17 

County Farm Advisor 19 

County Librarian - 15 

County Live Stock Inspector 18 

County Probation Officer IS 

County Purchasing Agent 16 

County Recorder 12 

County Sealer of Weights and Measures 16 

County Superintendent of Schools _ _ 11 

County Surveyor 14 

County Tax Collector 13 

County Treasurer - 13 

Courts, Federal 54 

Education, State Board of - 27 

Election, President and Vice-President _ 53 

Farm Advisor, County - 19 

Fish and Game Commission _ 

Freeholders' Charters for County ~ 33-34 

Governor — -2 

Governor, Lieutenant 23 

Health, State Board of _ 43 

Highway Commission, California 44 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT SIMPLIFIED 67 

INDEX— Continued 

Page 

Horticulture, County Commissioner 17 

Incorporating City or Town 34-35 

Industrial Accident Commission 42 

Initiative, Referendum and Recall 31-32 

Interior, Secretary of 57 

Labor, Secretary of 57 

Law-making, Process of 21 

Legislature, California 20 

Librarian, County IS 

Lieutenant Governor 23 

Live Stock Inspector, County 18 

Navy, Secretary of 56 

Persons Denied Right of Suffrage in California _ 30 

Political Subdivisions of State 33-39 

Postmaster General 56 

Powers Expressly Denied to Congress 48 

Powers Expressly Granted to Congress 48 

Powers Expressly Prohibited to States 49 

President 52 

President, Vice 53 

President's Cabinet 54 

Probation Officer, County 15 

Process of Law-making _ 21 

Public Administrator 14 

Public Instruction, Superintendent of 26 

Purchasing Agent, County 16 

Qualifications of an Elector 30 

Railroad Commission 39-40 

Recall 32 

Recorder, County 12 

Referendum 31 

Representatives, House of 47 

Rights Guaranteed to a Person Charged with a Crime 50 

Sealer of Weights and Measures, County 16 

Senate 47 

Schools, Superintendent of 11 

School Trustees, Boards of 8 

State Board of Control 40-41 

State Board of Equalization 46 

State Board of Health 43 

State, Secretary of 23, 54 

State Treasurer 24 

Supervisors, Boards of 9 

Surveyor, County 14 

Surveyor General 28 

Taxes _ 14 

Tax Collector, County _ 13 

Treasurer, County 13 

Treasurer, State 24 

Treasury, Secretary of 55 

Townships 39 

Vice-President 53 

War, Secretary of 55 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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